Packet #450891

Database ID:	450891
Mesh Packet ID:	`0xc6f8ed34` Used for correlation across gateways
Timestamp:	2026-02-13 13:33:34 UTC
From Node:	Orange is Gold (Oisg)
To Node:	Treetop Buoy Router (Buoy)
Success:	Processed
Protocol:	NODEINFO_APP Port: 4

Gateway:	Ka0sCAP (Ka0s)
Channel:	LongFast
RSSI:	-101 dBm
SNR:	5.75 dBm
Hop Info:	0/3 hops Start: 3, Limit: 3
Relay Node:	`34` 1b34 , Re2K , f434 , Oisg , b534 Last byte of the last hop that relayed this packet - Candidate source node(s) based on 0-hop direct receptions

Long Name:	Orange is Gold
Short Name:	Oisg
Node ID:	!9e9e1f34
MAC Address:	nBOenh80
Hardware:	HELTEC_V3

Raw Packet Analysis

Complete field breakdown and MQTT privacy/exposure analysis

Packet Structure

MQTT Packet Flow:
ServiceEnvelope (MQTT layer) → MeshPacket (Mesh layer) → Decoded Payload (Application data)

Total Size:	79 bytes
Gateway:	!768638c4
Channel:	LongFast
Payload Type:	NODEINFO_APP
Hop Count:	Unknown / 3

Privacy Summary

Exposure Level:
Direct Message

Privacy Features:
✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
✓ Targeted to specific node
+ 2 more...

Exposure Risks:
⚠ Default channel - no encryption
⚠ Packet visible to MQTT subscribers
+ 1 more...

MQTT ServiceEnvelope Fields

MQTT ServiceEnvelope contains the MeshPacket plus routing metadata

Field	Value
`gateway_id`	`!768638c4` Node ID format
`channel_id`	`LongFast` Default public channel
`packet`	`MeshPacket` (79 bytes) Contains the actual mesh network packet

MeshPacket Fields

Core mesh packet with routing and payload information

Field	Value	Type
`from`	`2661162804` Source node ID	uint32
`to`	`4186196556` Target node ID	uint32
`decoded.portnum`	`4` NODEINFO_APP	enum
`decoded.payload_length`	`79` bytes	size
`hop_limit`	`3` Remaining hops allowed	uint32
`hop_start`	`3` Initial hop limit	uint32
`hops_taken`	`0` Calculated: hop_start - hop_limit	derived
`rx_rssi`	`-101.0` dBm Signal strength at gateway	int32
`rx_snr`	`5.75` dB Signal quality at gateway	float
`rx_time`	`1770989617` Receive timestamp	fixed32
`via_mqtt`	False Direct LoRa transmission	bool
`want_ack`	False No ACK requested	bool
`priority`	Not set	enum
`delayed`	Not set	enum
`channel`	Not set	uint32
`pki_encrypted`	False Standard encryption	bool
`next_hop`	Not set	uint32
`relay_node`	`52` Relay node ID	uint32
`tx_after`	Not set	uint32
`timestamp`	`1770989614.1669164` Unix timestamp	uint32

MQTT Privacy & Exposure Analysis

Analysis of privacy features and exposure risks when packet is shared via MQTT

Exposure Level: Direct Message

Privacy Features:

✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
✓ Targeted to specific node
✓ Gateway node ID tracked
✓ Zero-hop: direct from source to MQTT gateway

Exposure Risks:

⚠ Default channel - no encryption
⚠ Packet visible to MQTT subscribers
⚠ RF signal metrics exposed (location inference possible)

MQTT-Specific Fields

Gateway ID:	`!768638c4`
Zero Hop Policy:	Enabled Direct gateway connection
Signal Metrics:	RSSI: -101.0 dBm SNR: 5.75 dB

Complete Payload Analysis

Detailed breakdown of all payload fields and decoded data

Payload Metadata:

Protocol:	NODEINFO_APP
Size:	79 bytes
Decoded:	Yes

Complete Payload Data (JSON):

{ "id": "!9e9e1f34", "long_name": "Orange is Gold", "short_name": "Oisg", "macaddr": "nBOenh80", "hw_model": "HELTEC_V3" }

Complete Protobuf Decode (JSON)

{ "service_envelope": { "gateway_id": "!768638c4", "channel_id": "LongFast", "packet": "MeshPacket (see mesh_packet below)" }, "mesh_packet": { "from": 2661162804, "to": 4186196556, "id": 3338202420, "rx_time": 1770989617, "rx_snr": 5.75, "rx_rssi": -101, "hop_limit": 3, "hop_start": 3, "via_mqtt": 0, "want_ack": 0, "priority": 0, "delayed": 0, "channel_index": null, "pki_encrypted": 0, "next_hop": 0, "relay_node": 52, "tx_after": 0, "decoded": { "portnum": 4, "payload": "0a09213965396531663334120e4f72616e676520697320476f6c641a044f69736722069c139e9e1f34282b4220e4b57bd9820eed865a4b212ca18aea856e4407f46c10b270b16dc95a5a6d66534800", "want_response": null, "dest": null, "source": null, "request_id": null, "reply_id": null, "emoji": null, "parsed_payload": { "id": "!9e9e1f34", "long_name": "Orange is Gold", "short_name": "Oisg", "macaddr": "nBOenh80", "hw_model": "HELTEC_V3", "public_key": "5LV72YIO7YZaSyEsoYrqhW5EB/RsELJwsW3JWlptZlM=", "is_unmessagable": false, "type": "protobuf", "portnum": "NODEINFO_APP", "message_class": "User" } } } }

Raw Packet Data (79 bytes)

0a09213965396531663334120e4f72616e676520697320476f6c641a044f69736722069c139e9e1f34282b4220e4b57bd9820eed865a4b212ca18aea856e4407f46c10b270b16dc95a5a6d66534800

Hex Analysis:

Size:	79 bytes
Format:	Protobuf (Protocol Buffers)
Encoding:	Binary with varint and length-delimited fields

This is the raw protobuf-encoded payload as received from MQTT. The structure follows the Meshtastic protobuf schema definitions.

Packet #450891 Success

Packet Information

Payload Data

Decoded Data: